Struct frunk::hlist::HNil

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pub struct HNil;

Expand description

Represents the right-most end of a heterogeneous list

Implementations§

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impl HNil

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pub fn len(&self) -> usizewhere HNil: HList,

Returns the length of a given HList

pub fn is_empty(&self) -> boolwhere HNil: HList,

Returns whether a given HList is empty

pub fn prepend<H>(self, h: H) -> HCons<H, HNil>where HNil: HList,

Prepend an item to the current HList

pub fn sculpt<Ts, Indices>( self ) -> (Ts, <HNil as Sculptor<Ts, Indices>>::Remainder)where HNil: Sculptor<Ts, Indices>,

Consume the current HList and return an HList with the requested shape.

sculpt allows us to extract/reshape/sculpt the current HList into another shape, provided that the requested shape’s types are are contained within the current HList.

The Indices type parameter allows the compiler to figure out that Ts and Self can be morphed into each other.

pub fn into_reverse(self) -> <HNil as IntoReverse>::Outputwhere HNil: IntoReverse,

Reverse the HList.

pub fn to_ref<'a>(&'a self) -> <HNil as ToRef<'a>>::Outputwhere HNil: ToRef<'a>,

Return an HList where the contents are references to the original HList on which this method was called.

pub fn to_mut<'a>(&'a mut self) -> <HNil as ToMut<'a>>::Outputwhere HNil: ToMut<'a>,

Return an HList where the contents are mutable references to the original HList on which this method was called.

pub fn map<F>(self, mapper: F) -> <HNil as HMappable<F>>::Outputwhere HNil: HMappable<F>,

Apply a function to each element of an HList.

This transforms some HList![A, B, C, ..., E] into some HList![T, U, V, ..., Z]. A variety of types are supported for the folder argument:

An hlist![] of closures (one for each element).
A single closure (for mapping an HList that is homogenous).
A single Poly.

pub fn zip<Other>(self, other: Other) -> <HNil as HZippable<Other>>::Zippedwhere HNil: HZippable<Other>,

Zip two HLists together.

This zips a HList![A1, B1, ..., C1] with a HList![A2, B2, ..., C2] to make a HList![(A1, A2), (B1, B2), ..., (C1, C2)]

pub fn foldl<Folder, Acc>( self, folder: Folder, acc: Acc ) -> <HNil as HFoldLeftable<Folder, Acc>>::Outputwhere HNil: HFoldLeftable<Folder, Acc>,

Perform a left fold over an HList.

This transforms some HList![A, B, C, ..., E] into a single value by visiting all of the elements in left-to-right order. A variety of types are supported for the mapper argument:

An hlist![] of closures (one for each element).
A single closure (for folding an HList that is homogenous).
A single Poly.

The accumulator can freely change type over the course of the call. When called with a list of N functions, an expanded form of the implementation with type annotations might look something like this:

let acc: Acc0 = init_value;
let acc: Acc1 = f1(acc, x1);
let acc: Acc2 = f2(acc, x2);
let acc: Acc3 = f3(acc, x3);
...
let acc: AccN = fN(acc, xN);
acc

Run

Examples

use frunk_core::hlist;

let nil = hlist![];

assert_eq!(nil.foldl(hlist![], 0), 0);

let h = hlist![1, false, 42f32];

let folded = h.to_ref().foldl(
    hlist![
        |acc, &i| i + acc,
        |acc, b: &bool| if !b && acc > 42 { 9000f32 } else { 0f32 },
        |acc, &f| f + acc
    ],
    1
);

assert_eq!(42f32, folded);

// There is also a value-consuming version that passes values to your folding
// functions instead of just references:

let folded2 = h.foldl(
    hlist![
        |acc, i| i + acc,
        |acc, b: bool| if !b && acc > 42 { 9000f32 } else { 0f32 },
        |acc, f| f + acc
    ],
    8918
);

assert_eq!(9042f32, folded2)

Run

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pub fn foldr<Folder, Init>( self, folder: Folder, init: Init ) -> <HNil as HFoldRightable<Folder, Init>>::Outputwhere HNil: HFoldRightable<Folder, Init>,

Perform a right fold over an HList.

This transforms some HList![A, B, C, ..., E] into a single value by visiting all of the elements in reverse order. A variety of types are supported for the mapper argument:

An hlist![] of closures (one for each element).
A single closure (for folding an HList that is homogenous), taken by reference.
A single Poly.

The accumulator can freely change type over the course of the call.

Comparison to `foldl`

While the order of element traversal in foldl may seem more natural, foldr does have its use cases, in particular when it is used to build something that reflects the structure of the original HList (such as folding an HList of Options into an Option of an HList). An implementation of such a function using foldl will tend to reverse the list, while foldr will tend to preserve its order.

The reason for this is because foldr performs what is known as “structural induction;” it can be understood as follows:

Write out the HList in terms of h_cons and HNil.
Substitute each h_cons with a function, and substitute HNil with init

the list:
    h_cons(x1, h_cons(x2, h_cons(x3, ...h_cons(xN, HNil)...)))

becomes:
       f1( x1,    f2( x2,    f3( x3, ...   fN( xN, init)...)))

Examples

use frunk_core::hlist;

let nil = hlist![];

assert_eq!(nil.foldr(hlist![], 0), 0);

let h = hlist![1, false, 42f32];

let folded = h.foldr(
    hlist![
        |acc, i| i + acc,
        |acc, b: bool| if !b && acc > 42f32 { 9000 } else { 0 },
        |acc, f| f + acc
    ],
    1f32
);

assert_eq!(9001, folded)

Run

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pub fn extend<Other>(self, other: Other) -> <HNil as Add<Other>>::Outputwhere HNil: Add<Other>, Other: HList,

Extend the contents of this HList with another HList

This exactly the same as the Add impl.

Examples

use frunk_core::hlist;

let first = hlist![0u8, 1u16];
let second = hlist![2u32, 3u64];

assert_eq!(first.extend(second), hlist![0u8, 1u16, 2u32, 3u64]);